| Patterns |
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| The meanings of patterns |
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| A pattern is a drawing of lines, shapes or objects that is repeated. |
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| These patterns are simple. |
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| These patterns are complicated. |
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| Ancient patterns |
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| People began to draw patterns thousands of years ago. |
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| They took ideas from things that they had seen in the world around them. |
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| The Quechua people of South America still use patterns that they have used for centuries. |
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| The meanings of Quechua patterns |
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| Part of this piece of cloth is plain. |
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| It represents the land where no crops are planted. |
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| The patterned parts of the cloth represent the fields where plants are grown. |
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| Some of the patterns are lines and shapes. |
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| Sometimes animals are woven into the patterns. |
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| Birds and other creatures are represented in the cloth. |
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| toad - In Peru, toads croak just before the rainy season. |
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| The toad represents rain and growing plants. |
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| condor - The condor is a huge, graceful bird that lives in the mountains. |
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| It represents strength, freedom and power. |
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| Traditional patterns |
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| In Russia, people have used patterns for hundreds of years. |
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| Many patterns came from village life, the countryside and nature. |
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| They were used on houses, in clothes, on plates, boxes and trays. |
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| The meanings of old Russian patterns |
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| Some patterns used round shapes like the sun. The sun meant life and power. |
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| Some patterns were of birds. They meant joy and light. |
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| Flower patterns appeared on skirts, blouses, aprons, shawls and scarves. |
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| These patterns are still used today. |
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| Matryoshka dolls |
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| Russia is famous for matryoshka dolls. |
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| Matryoshka comes from a very old word for'mother'. |
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| These painted, wooden dolls are in two halves and they are hollow. |
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| The halves come apart and there is another smaller doll inside the first doll. |
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| Usually there are five dolls altogether, one inside the other. |
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| Sometimes there are seven or more. |
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| These dolls are decorated with traditional patterns. |
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| There are often flowers on the dolls' aprons. |
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| Sometimes the flowers are roses. The rose means love and motherhood. |
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| Matryoshka dolls look like little round ladies with kind, friendly faces. |
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| Nowadays, there are lots of different kinds of dolls. |
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| There are animals, famous people and characters from stories. |
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| Modern patterns |
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| The Aran islands are near lreland. |
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| Most of the men are fishermen. They need warm clothes. |
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| About a hundred years ago the women started to make pullovers from wool. |
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| The meanings of Aran patterns |
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| These are some of the patterns. They are named after the plants and objects that they look like. |
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| blackberry - cable - basket - Pople wear these pullovers today |
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| Listen 5 times |
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