| Doctors then and now |
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| The first doctors |
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| Earliest times |
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| All around the world, for thousands of years, poeple have been treating illness, disease and pain. |
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| Archaeologists know about a dentist who worked 9,000 years ago in Pakistan but the first doctor in history who is known by name is Imhotep. |
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| He teated King Zoser the pharaoh of Egypt 4,700 years ago. |
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| Greek and Roman doctors |
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| The Greek doctor, Hippocrates,treated sick people 2,500 years ago. |
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| He believed that looking carefully at patients was important. |
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| This helped him to decide on the best treatment. |
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| Doctors do this today. |
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| Hippocrates looked and made notes. |
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| Two thousand years ago the Romans believed that cleanliness was good for people's health. |
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| They had big baths like swimming pools. |
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| They brought 1,000 million litres of water a day into the city for drinking, washing and cleaning the streets and drains. |
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| Everyone could use the baths in Rome. |
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| Physicians in the Middle East |
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| Doctors in the Middle East set up the first hospitals. |
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| The Persian doctor, Avicenna, wrote about medicine 1,000 years ago. |
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| His book was used for 800 years. |
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| He is sometimes called the father of modern medicine. |
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| He realised that some diseases can travel quickly from one person to another. |
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| There were no ambulances at the first hospitals. |
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| European medicine |
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| Two hundred years ago some European doctors began to use microscopes to look at germs. |
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| Many doctors at that time did not understand that germs can be spread by healthy people through touch. |
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| Doctors did not wash their hands after they had touched sick people. |
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| This is a microscope |
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| Hospital cleanliness |
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| In 1847 a Hungarian doctor named Semmelweis was working in a big hospital when he made an important discovery. |
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| He found that fewer patients died when the doctors washed their hands before they treated them. |
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| Semmelweis could show that hand-washing was important, but the other doctors were angry. |
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| They did not like his ideas. |
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| They stopped him from working in hospitals. |
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| He died forgotten and in disgrace - but he was right. |
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| In London, the surgeon Joseph Lister believed the same thing. |
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| He made sure that all hospital instruments were properly cleaned before and after operations. |
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| Fewer people died after operations. |
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| Florence Nightingale, the famous nurse, believed that good nursing needed cleanliness. |
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| She thought that the patients and the hospital ward had to be clean. |
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| She wrote instructions to her nurses: |
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| Open the windows to give patients fresh air. |
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| Let patients sit in sunlight for part of the day. |
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| Give them good food to eat. |
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| Give them clean water to drink. |
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| Clean the floor of the ward. |
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| Change the sheets on the beds. |
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| Wash the sheets. |
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| Wash the patients. |
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| Keep the drains clean. |
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| Keep it clean! |
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| Nowadays we know how important it is to keep things clean but it was not obvious then. |
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| Many people did not think that Florence Nightingale's ideas were important. |
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| Modern nurses use disposable gloves. These protect patients from germs. |
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| If you cut yourself, you must clean the cut but..Always wash your hands first! |
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| Listen 5 times |
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