| Deep sea exploration |
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| The land under the oceans |
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| Light from the sun helps plants to grow underwater. |
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| Sunlight can go down through water to about 100 metres. |
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| In the water near beaches there are many plants and animals. |
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| Below 150 metres there are no plants, only animals. |
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| At 300 metres it is already quite dark and the water is very cold. |
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| beach - shelf - slope - mountain - plain - cliff - trench |
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| The world's oceans are about 3,000 metres deep. |
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| Out in the oceans there are mountains under the water just like there are mountains on land. |
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| In some parts of the ocean there are deep trenches. |
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| The deepest trench goes down 11,000 metres. |
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| Much of the ocean floor is a plain. |
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| It continues for thousands of kilometres but there are few animals there. It is difficult to explore the deep ocean. |
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| Water is heavy. If a diver was in water 900 metres deep, the weight of the water above him would crush his body. |
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| On way to explore the deep ocean is to go down in a submersible. |
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| Deeper than 1,000 metres there is no sunlight at all. |
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| The submersible has lights so the people inside can see what is outside. |
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| We can look at pictures of the animals that live in the deep ocean because they are lit up by the machine. |
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| If the lights were not on, there would be complete darkness. |
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| This submersible can go down to 4,000 metres. |
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| With a submersible, scientists can look at chimneys. |
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| Very hot water escapes into the ocean from below ht ocean floor. |
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| It is so hot that it looks like smoke from a fire. It has tiny bits of rock in it. |
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| Gradually, the tiny pieces build at tall chimney. |
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| A chimney can grow by 6 metres in a year. |
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| Many animals like living near these chimneys. |
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| There are crabs, octopuses and shellifish but one of the strangest is the tube worm. |
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| plume takes in food |
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| tube a hard shell that protects the worm |
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| anchor holds the worm onto the chimney |
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| Tube worms can grow to 2.4 metres tall. |
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| A tube worm has no mouth or stomach. It takes food from the water through the top of its body. |
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| The top of a tube worm looks like a red feather. It is called a plume, which is another word for a feather. |
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| The worm is protected by its tube which is a hard shell. |
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| The bottom of the worm is an anchor that holds the worm onto the chimney. |
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| It takes a long time to go down to 4,000 metres in a submersible and the journey is not comfortable. |
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| Scientists are looking for other ways of exploring the ocean floor. |
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| Robot machines can go deeper. |
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| They do not carry people but they can record a lot of information about the ocean and they can take pictures. |
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| One day it may be possible to explore the oceans on a computer screen. |
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| Robot machines are operated from a ship. |
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| Listen 5 times |
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