Space pioneers |
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Valentina Tereshkova |
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Cosmonaut |
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The first woman in space |
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This photograph shows Valentina in her spacesuit. |
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Key dates |
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1937 born near Yaroslavl, west Russia |
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1945 started school |
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1954 started working in a factory, continued learning in her free time |
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1959 first parachute jump |
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1962 joined the space programme |
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1963 became the first woman in space, married Andrian Nikolayev |
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1964 her daughter was born, trained as a cosmonaut engineer |
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1969-97 worked in the Russian Air Force |
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2007 told her dream: a flight to Mars |
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Valentina Tereshkova was born on 6th March, 1937 near the city of Yaroslavl in western Russia. |
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Her father was a tractor driver. Her mother worked in a factory. |
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When she was two years old, her father died in war-time battle. |
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She started school when she was eight. |
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At seventeen, she started working in a factory. |
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Valentina enjoyed learning so she continued her education in her free time. |
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There was a flying club in Yaroslavl. |
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Valentina joined and she learned to sky-dive. |
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She made her first parachute jump on 21st May,1959.She was 22 years old. |
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She became a spinning engineer at the factory but she parachuted from planes many times. |
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In 1961 the Russian space engineers had an idea. |
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They wanted a Russian to be the first woman cosmonaut. |
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The woman could not be too tall or too heavy. |
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She had to be young enough and fit enough to fly in space. |
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This was the description: |
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age - under 30 years old |
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weight - under 70 Kg |
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height - under 170 cm |
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important: she must be able to parachute. |
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Valentina fitted this description. |
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More than 50 young woman did the tests but only a few women were good enough. |
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Valentina and four other women joined the space programme in February, 1962. |
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Valentina trained hard. |
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In November the space engineers chose her for the special flight. |
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" You will be the first woman in space," they told her. Valentina was delighted. |
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At last the day of the flight arrived. |
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On 16th June, 1963 Valentina took off in the spacecraft Vostok 6. |
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The flight lasted almost three days. |
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During the flight she spoke to people on the ground. |
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Her call sign was Chaika. In English this means seagull. |
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This is the word in Russian: YáЙka. |
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In November she married another cosmonaut. Her husband was Andrian Nikolayev. |
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Their daughter, Elena was born in 1964. |
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Valentina trained as a cosmonaut engineer then she worked in the Russian Air Force unit 1997. |
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Valentina Tereshkova became a Hero of the Soviet Union. |
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She received the United Nations Gold Medal of Peace. |
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On her seventieth birthday she told a newspaper reporter:"I still have one dream: a flight to Mars. It is the dream of all cosmonauts." |
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The first men in space exploration |
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Vostok 1: this space rocket took Yuri Gagarin into orbit round the Earth. |
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Yuri Gagarin Russia the first man in space, the first orbit of the Earth 12th April, 1961 |
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Alexei Leonov Russia the first space walk 18th March, 1965 |
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Neil Armstrong America the first man on the moon 21st July, 1969 |
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Listen 5 times |
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